ماذا تعني مقايضة العملات ؟

In the complex foreign exchange market, cross-currency swaps are a valuable tool. In international trade, people often use foreign exchange swaps to agree in advance on future exchange rates, so for investors in cross-currency swaps, can this swap also be used to avoid risk? Let's examine it together!

It is a financial derivative that is contracted between two parties. The principal amount of two different non-major foreign currencies is exchanged at an agreed exchange rate on a specified date, and then a reverse exchange of the principal amount is carried out again at the same exchange rate on another date. During this period, the parties also make periodic interest payments. This transaction usually involves two different currencies, which are exchanged for interest rates and principal payments to meet the specific needs of the parties to the contract.

The purpose of this swap is primarily to help businesses and investors manage exchange rate risk. For example, exchanging interest and principal payments in one currency for interest and principal payments in another currency reduces the risk involved in financial transactions between different currencies.

Its structure is simple, yet it meets the needs of converting two different currencies. If one wishes to convert an asset or liability from one foreign currency to another (e.g., if one wants to exchange the low-cost Euro for the Japanese Yen), this can be easily accomplished through this swap.

This transaction consists of two main stages: the initial swap and the stop swap. In an initial swap, one pays a fixed or floating rate of interest on one currency and receives an interest rate on the other. When it comes to the stop swap stage, it involves exchanging the principal.

Its main features are:

مبادلة العملة: تنطوي هذه المبادلة على تبادل بين عملتين مختلفتين، أقل شيوعا من العملات غير الرئيسية (على سبيل المثال، الدولار الأسترالي، والدولار الكندي، إلخ).

مبادلة سعر الفائدة بالإضافة إلى مبادلة العملات، فإنه يتضمن أيضا مبادلة سعر الفائدة بين العملتين. وهذا يعني أنه سيكون هناك تبادل لمدفوعات أسعار الفائدة مع بعضها البعض لعملات بلدانها أو مناطقها.

المدة: وهناك شرط محدد، وسوف يحدد العقد على وجه التحديد كيف ستبدو مبادلة العملة وأسعار الفائدة في تاريخ لاحق. ويمكن أن تكون المدة قصيرة لبضعة أيام أو عدة سنوات، حسب احتياجات الطرفين.

إدارة المخاطر: وعادة ما تستخدم هذه المبادلة لإدارة مخاطر سعر الصرف وسعر الفائدة. ومن خلاله تستطيع أن تدير أصولك وديونك المالية بقدر أعظم من المرونة، وأن تحد من المخاطر، وأن تجعل استثماراتك أكثر قوة.

السيولة: فهي أداة مالية موحدة يمكن شراؤها وبيعها في السوق، مما يوفر مستوى عالياً من السيولة.

The special feature of cross-currency swaps is that the two parties to the transaction agree on two trading operations at the same time. The parties first exchange currency a for currency b, and then agree to exchange currency b for currency a on a future date at a pre-negotiated exchange rate. The currency types bought and sold are the same in both transactions. The exchange rate for the transaction is determined primarily by the currency interest rate and the agreed-upon term. It may be higher or lower than the exchange rate at the expiration of the contract.

So it hedges the risk while sacrificing the opportunity for profit that may be available. Even if the exchange rate changes in the investor's favor after maturity, he or she will have to hope for the best.

What risks can cross-currency swaps avoid?

It can be used to hedge a wide range of risks associated with foreign exchange trading, including the following key risks:

It allows businesses to lock in a currency exchange rate at a future point in time, thus avoiding the risks that may arise from exchange rate fluctuations. This is particularly important for businesses that trade internationally and invest across borders, as they often have to deal with transactions between different currencies.

Swap contracts are usually standardized financial instruments that are easily bought and sold in the market. This reduces liquidity risk as businesses can sell or buy these contracts at any time to meet their funding needs.

Credit relationships with counterparties are also important in swaps. By signing contracts with reliable contractual counterparties, firms can avoid the risks associated with counterparties that are unreliable or have high credit risk.

Can cross-currency swaps hedge interest rate risk? Absolutely. Swap contracts typically include a currency exchange as well as an interest rate on the currency, allowing a business to hedge against the impact of rising or falling interest rates on its financial position.

Market risk includes the potential impact of market volatility on a business's financial position. Swaps, on the other hand, can help businesses reduce market risk by locking in the price of future currency transactions.

Businesses can use swaps to plan for their future financial position, ensuring that they can meet future currency needs without being subject to unfavorable market changes.

إخلاء مسؤولية: هذه المادة مخصصة لأغراض الإعلام العام فقط ولا يقصد بها (ولا ينبغي اعتبارها) مشورة مالية أو استثمارية أو غير ذلك من المشورة التي ينبغي الاعتماد عليها.ولا يشكل أي رأي معط في المادة توصية من مكتب الأخلاقيات أو المؤلف بأن أي استثمار أو أمن أو معاملة أو استراتيجية استثمار معينة مناسبة لأي شخص بعينه.